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The Kidarite (Chinese: Jiduolo) were a dynasty of the "Ki" clan, probably originating from the Hara Huna Kingdom. They were part of the complex of Iranian-speaking tribes known collectively as Xionites or "Hunas". During the 4th-5th century they established the Kidarite kingdom. ==History== The Kidarites, a nomadic clan, are supposed to have arrived in Bactria with the great migrations of the second half of the 4th century. When Shi Le established the Later Zhao state, it is thought that many of the Uar from around Pingyang (平陽, in modern Linfen, Shanxi) fled west along the Silk Road. This caused the Xionites to encroach upon Khorasan and the frontiers of the Kushan state around 320 AD. The Kidarite king Grumbat mentioned by Ammianus Marcellinus was a cause of much concern to the Persians. Between 353 AD and 358 AD, the Xionites under Grumbat attacked in the eastern frontiers of Shapur II's empire along with other nomad tribes. After a prolonged struggle they were forced to conclude a peace, and their king Grumbat accompanied Shapur II in the war against the Romans. Victories of the Xionites during their campaigns in the Eastern Caspian lands are described by Ammianus Marcellinus: The southern or "Red" Kidarite vassals to the Kushans in the North-Western Indus valley became known as ''Kermikhiones''. A "Kidarite dynasty", south of the Oxus, was at war with the Sassanids in the fifth century. Peroz I fought Kidara and then his son Kungas, forcing Kungas to leave Bactria. They entered Kabul and replaced the last of the Kushan Empire rulers. However, the Kidarites in turn were soon overwhelmed by the Hephthalites. D.M. Lang (1976) identified the Kermikhion-Kidarites with the Khazar and Kutrigurs proto-Bulgarians involved in causing Hunnic migrations across the Volga into Europe around 463 according to their envoy Priscus. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kidarites」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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